Integration of the Hidden Curriculum in the Development of School Based Islamic Character Education

Abstract

Islamic character education is a fundamental aspect in shaping pupils of noble character, integrity, and the ability to cope with the dynamics of 21st-century life. However, the implementation of character education in schools still tends to be oriented towards the formal curriculum, meaning that the process of internalising Islamic values has not yet taken place optimally in the daily lives of the school community. This study aims to analyse the integration of the hidden curriculum in the development of Islamic character education based on school culture, and to formulate an implementation framework that can strengthen the internalisation of Islamic character values in a sustainable manner. The study employs a qualitative approach using a multi-site case study design across several schools that have implemented character education programmes. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, documentation, and focus group discussions involving headteachers, teachers, pupils, and parents. The data were analysed using an interactive model comprising data reduction, data presentation, verification, and drawing conclusions to identify the main themes of the study. The research findings indicate that the integration of the hidden curriculum takes place through five main dimensions, namely the religious culture as the foundation of the hidden curriculum, teacher exemplary behavior as a medium for internalizing values, inculcating values in academic and non-academic activities, value-based school leadership, collaboration between schools, families, and communities. This study suggests that the hidden curriculum should be positioned as an integral part of school governance through the strengthening of organisational culture and synergy amongst all stakeholders. These findings also offer a conceptual framework that can serve as a reference for the development of sustainable policies and practices in Islamic character education across various levels of education.