ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROBLEM BASED LEARNING MODEL IN IMPROVING STUDENTS' CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS: A LITERATURE REVIEW

English

Abstract

Critical thinking skills are essential competencies that students need to have to face challenges in the era of globalization and digitalization. However, learning processes that are still dominated by traditional approaches often do not support the development of these skills. The Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model comes as an innovative solution that puts students at the center ofl earning through identifying, analyzing, and solving real problems. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of PBL model in improving students' critical thinking skills through a literature review of 20 articles from Indonesian and English journals. The results show that the implementation of PBL consistently has a positive impact on the development of students' critical thinking skills at various levels of education. PBL not only improves analytical and problem-solving skills, but also trains students' collaboration, communication and argumentation. Despite some limitations in the methodology of the research reviewed, the evidence supports PBL as an effective pedagogical approach to replace traditional learning. Thus, the implementation of PBL is expected to be a relevant and adaptive learning strategy to face the needs of education in the 21st century.