Islamization and the Formation of Prototype Islamic Educational Institutions in the Nusantara: A Historical and Sociocultural Study

Abstract

The Islamization process in the Nusantara brought significant changes to religious life, resulting in the emergence of distinctive Islamic educational institutions shaped by local cultures. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the Islamization process and the formation of prototype Islamic educational institutions in various regions of the archipelago. The research design employs a qualitative approach using literature study and historical–sociocultural analysis of historical documents and scholarly works. The findings reveal that Islamization, which occurred peacefully through trade networks, da‘wah activities, and cultural acculturation, encouraged the development of educational institutions such as the surau in Minangkabau, pesantren in Java, and dayah and meunasah in Aceh. These institutions played a crucial role in transmitting Islamic teachings and shaping Muslim communities rooted in local values. The discussion highlights that the prototypes of Islamic educational institutions in the Nusantara are products of dialogue between Islam and local culture, rather than direct transfers of educational systems from the Middle East. These findings are relevant for the development of contemporary Islamic education that is contextual, inclusive, and grounded in local wisdom.